|
| Home » Asia Pacific at a Glance » China |
| |
 |
|
CHINA AT A GLANCE |
|
| |
| |
| |
| |
| HIV/AIDS:
China's Titanic Peril 2001 Update of the AIDS Situation and
Needs Assessment Report (Pdf) |
| |
| Executive
Summary: Joint Assessment Report on HIV/AIDS Prevention and
Control in China (Word doc) |
| |
| |
|
Print
Page |
| |
| |
| |
|
| |
| General Information |
| |
| Languages: Chinese,
Mandarin and local dialects. Of the 56 ethnic groups in China,
the Hui and Manchu use the same languages as Han people, while
the rest of groups have their own spoken and written languages. |
| |
| Administrative Divisions:
China’s administrative units are currently based on a
three-tier system, dividing the nation into provinces, counties
and townships: |
| |
| The country is divided into provinces, autonomous
regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government;
|
| |
| A province or an autonomous region is subdivided
into autonomous prefectures, counties, autonomous counties and/or
cities; A county or an autonomous county is subdivided into
townships, ethnic townships and/or towns. |
| |
| Municipalities directly under the Central Government
and large cities are subdivided into districts and counties;
autonomous prefectures are subdivided into counties, autonomous
counties and cities. Autonomous regions, autonomous prefectures
and autonomous counties are all ethnic autonomous areas. |
| |
| The Constitution specifically empowers the state
to establish special administrative regions when necessary.
A special administrative region is a local administrative area
directly under the Central Government. |
| |
| The People’s Republic of China has 23 provinces;
5 autonomous regions containing concentrations of several ethnic
minorities; 4 centrally-administered municipalities that are
China’s largest cities; and 2 special administrative regions
(SAR). |
| |
| EXECUTIVE |
| Head of State |
President Hu Jintao (since
March 2003 ) and Vice President Zeng Qinghong |
| Head of Government |
Premier Wen Jiabao; Vice
Premiers: Huang Ju, Wu Yi, Zeng Peiyan, Hui Liangyu |
| Cabinet |
State Council
appointed by the National People's Congress (NPC) |
| Elections |
President and Vice President
elected by the National People's Congress for five-year
terms; elections last held 16 in March 2003; premier nominated
by the president, confirmed by the National People's Congress |
| LEGISLATURE |
| |
Unicameral
National People's Congress or Quanguo Renmin Daibiao Dahui
(2,979 seats; members elected by municipal, regional,
and provincial people's congresses to serve five-year
terms) |
| JUDICIARY |
| |
Supreme People's Court |
| SPECIAL FACTORS |
| |
- Home to one-fifth of the world population. Third
largest country in the world.
- Population is projected to increase from around
1.27 billion people in 2001 to about 1.5 billion in
2040.
- Marked migration within the country. According
to the government around 200 million people on the
move as a result of poverty in rural areas.
- Economic liberalisation has resulted in rapid economic
growth, but the disparity in development between different
regions is raising major challenges.
- Young people between the ages of 10 and 24 constitute
one-sixth of China's total population. This age group,
traditionally seen as the healthiest segment of society,
is now threatened by the consequences of its own changing
behavioural patterns and is increasingly at risk of
HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases.
- The increase in risk behaviour such as injecting
drug use and unsafe sexual practices is marked.
|
|
| |
| Back to Top |
| |
| Indicators |
| |
| Indicators |
Estimate |
Year |
Source |
|
| Population
( millions) |
| Population growth (1991-2001) |
| Annual Population Growth
(percent) |
| Population Density (per
sq.km) |
| Sex Ratio (females per
1,000 males) |
| Crude Birth Rate (per
1000 population) |
| Crude Death Rate |
| Total Fertility Rate |
| Infant Mortality (per
1000) |
| Maternal Mortality Rate |
| Human Development Index
Ranking |
| Literacy (Total) |
| -
Males |
| -
Females |
| Increase in literacy |
| People below poverty line
(%) |
| Urban Population (%) |
| Growth of Urban population
(annual) |
| Life expectancy |
| Per capita GNP (US $) |
| Population with access
to proper sanitation (%) |
| Population with access
to improved water sources (%) |
| Health Expenditure-Public
(% of GDP) |
| Health Expenditure - Private
(% of GDP) |
| Physicians per 100,000
population |
| Population with Access
to Essential Drugs (%) |
|
| 1,300.0 | 2003 | UNDP HDR 2005 | | NA | NA | NA | | 1.2 | 1975-2003 | UNDP HDR 2005 | | 137 | 2002 | World Development Report 2004 | | NA | NA | NA | | 16 | 1999 | UNPOP | | 7 | 1999 | UNPOP | | 1.8 | 2000 - 2005 | UNFPA | | 30 | 2003 | UNDP HDR 2005 | | 50 | 1985-2003 | UNDP HDR 2005 | | 85 | 2005 | UNDP HDR 2005 | | 90.9 | 2003 | UNDP HDR 2005 | | 95.1 | 2003 | UNDP HDR 2005 | | 86.5 | 2003 | UNDP HDR 2005 | | NA | NA | NA | | 4.6 | 1990-2002 | UNDP HDR 2005 | | 38.6 | 2003 | UNDP HDR 2005 | | NA | NA | NA | | 71.5 | 2000 - 2005 | UNDP HDR 2005 | | 940 | 2002 | World Development Report | | 44 | 2002 | UNDP HDR 2005 | | 77 | 2002 | UNDP HDR 2005 | | 2.0 | 2002 | UNDP HDR 2005 | | 3.8 | 2002 | UNDP HDR 2005 | | 164 | 1990-2004 | UNDP HDR 2005 | | 80 - 94 | 1999 | UNDP HDR 2003 |
|
|
|
| |
|
| Back to Top |
| |
| Socio-Economic
Background |
| |
| Inhabited by one fifth of the world's population, China is the third largest and the most populous country in the world. Though it is still a country with a low per capita income, China has witnessed tremendous economic growth since the late 1970s. Attributed mainly to the economic liberalisation policies, the GDP of China quadrupled between 1978 and 1998. China's impressive development is borne out by its steady improvement in the UN Human Development Index from 0.522 in 1975 to 0.726 in 2000. In the 2004 Human Development Report, China ranked 85th out of 173 countries. At the same time, annual increases in the government's health and education budget since 1995 have averaged 14.2%, whereas total government revenue has grown at an annual average of 17.5%. |
| |
| The country enjoyed exceptionally swift economic growth in the 1990s (more than 9 percent on average), and between 1978 and 2000 the number of poor fell from 250 million to 30 million. The World Bank raised China’s classification to a lower middle-income country in 1999, when income per capita surpassed the US $755 cut-off point for low-income countries. China’s current national poverty reduction efforts target both the absolute and relative poor. In fact, China has achieved the target of more than halving its poor on the basis of the 85 million, 1990 figure. |
| |
Remarkable progress has been made with respect to other socio-economic development indicators as well. These include increased life expectancy, a decrease in child mortality, and a drop in illiteracy. During the 1990s, reported infant mortality dropped from 50 to 30, while under-five mortality dropped from 61 in 1991 to 36 in 2000. The maternal mortality rate has dropped from 89 per 100, 000 live births in 1990 to 50 in 2001. The proportion of births attended by skilled health workers in hospital increased from 51% in 1990 to 76% in 2001. But these national figures mask the great contrast between eastern and western provinces. |
| |
| About 94% of the urban population and 66% of the rural population have access to ‘improved water sources,’ meaning they have reasonable access to an adequate amount of water from a water source such as a household connection, public standpipe, borehole, protected well, or spring or rainwater collection. Improvements in health also correspond to better nutrition. Between 1992 and 2004, the proportion of underweight children fell from 18.1 percent to 7.8 percent. There are also fewer people suffering from micronutrient deficiencies. Iodine deficiency, for example, has been eliminated. Ke-shan disease and fluorine poisoning have also steadily been reduced. |
| |
| China is a signatory to the Millennium Development Goals and indeed, some MDG targets such as primary education have already been achieved, 13 years ahead of schedule. However, completion ratios fall significantly below enrolment ratios, particularly in poor rural areas. Higher drop-out rates have been noted in rural and poor areas. |
| |
| Challenges also remain in areas of combating HIV/AIDS, achieving gender equality and providing sanitation and safe drinking water to its rural population. Significant gaps also remain in the health of urban and rural population and among various regions. Rural child and maternal mortality are twice as high as in cities. Urban mortality is 33.1 per 100,000 births while in the countryside it is 61.9 per 100,000 births. Health resources are concentrated in large and medium sized cities with 67.7% of government funding going to hospitals. In many rural areas, public health services are near collapse. |
| |
| T o tackle HIV/AIDS, the government has pledged to invest 1.75 billion yuan from 2003 to 2007. It has also promised to provide free medicine for infected people who are poor or live in rural areas, as well as anonymous testing in key regions. It will also provide free mother and baby screening, waive tuition fees for orphans of AIDS. |
| |
| Many of China’s reforms have created new challenges --in reforms linked with decentralization, for example, where an uneven burden in financing exists between the central and lower levels of government, particularly in poor counties and townships in the west. In its 2005 Human Development Report, the country has taken note of the gender disparity and the difference in the living standards of urban and rural areas. The Report calculates for the first time separate human development indices for urban and rural areas (0.81 and 0.67 respectively). This is attributed mainly to the growing income inequality and difference in economic development. |
| |
| Most of the country’s rural poor live in remote upland areas of western China, where agricultural productivity gains have proven problematic. But pockets of poverty also remain in mountainous areas of the coastal provinces. Moreover, new forms of poverty have emerged – mainly including migrants who are not yet employed, and laid-off workers from state-owned enterprises who are not re-employed, as well as women, children, the elderly, and the disabled, many of whom fall outside existing social safety nets. |
| |
| According to China’s 2000 national census, women made up 45% of the workforce, a significantly higher percentage than the world average of 35%; yet women’s average income for that year was only 80% of men’s. About 36% of all Chinese government officials are women, and women held 22% of the seats in the National People’s Congress in 2002. Even so, there is only one woman Politburo member and one woman state councilor, reflecting a scarcity of women at the senior levels of leadership. Men and women also have different employment opportunities. China’s labor market is highly segregated by gender, and fewer women work in white collar jobs than men. Layoffs in urban enterprises have affected women disproportionately, and gender-based wage differences are growing as economic reforms continue. |
| |
| Statistics also indicate an increasing margin of newborn boys over girls, a trend which is shared by some other Asian countries and holds serious consequences for the future. Chinese families show a strong son preference and although, sexual predetermination is illegal, increasingly widespread availability of technologies makes it difficult to control illegal private consultations. |
| |
| The Chinese Government, according to the 2005 HDR, is aiming at building a Xiao kang society in the first two decades of the 21st century. The Xiao kang society refers to the stage of development during which people generally are not rich but have adequate food, clothing, and other material belongings necessary for a decent life. |
| |
| Back to Top |
| |
| Estimates |
| |
| Figures |
| Value | Year | Source | | 650,000 | 2005 | UNAIDS Global AIDS Report 2006 | | 650,000 | 2005 | UNAIDS Global AIDS Report 2006 | | 180,000 | 2005 | UNAIDS Global AIDS Report 2006 | | -- | -- | -- | | 26,000 | 2005 | UNAIDS Global AIDS Report 2006 | | -- | -- | -- |
|
|
| Estimated Number
of HIV cases (Adults and children) |
| Adults (15-49 years) |
| Women (15-49) |
| Children |
| Estimated number
of deaths due to AIDS |
| Estimated Number
of AIDS orphans |
|
| |
| HIV Situation |
| |
| In the 2005 update on the epidemic in China, the WHO, which released the report in January 2006, has put the figure of people living with HIV/AIDS in China, at 650,000 (range: 540,000 to 760,000) of which 75,000 (range: 65,000 to 85,0000) had developed AIDS. Experts are skeptical about these figures as they are less than 840,000 – a number put out in 2003. Media has quoted experts saying that the actual number of cases could at least be 1.5 million. |
| |
| While admitting that the figures falsely point to a decline in the epidemic, WHO report also warns that there was no room for complacency as by all evidence the epidemic seems to be spreading from high-risk groups to the general population. Describing the current figures more realistic, the report attributes the difference in figures between that of 2005 and 2003 to the larger area covered by the surveys. In 2005, 329 sentinel surveillance sites were covered as against 194 in the 2003 survey. |
| |
| As before, the latest studies too reveal that the disease is primarily transmitted through Injecting drug users and unprotected sex. Compared with 1996 figures, the current estimates points to a rise from 1.95% to 6.48% in 2004. HIV prevalence in sex workers had also risen from 0.02% in 1996 to 0.98% in 2004. |
| |
| The HIV prevalence in China averages 0.05%. In 2005, there were an estimated 70,000 (range: 60,000 to 80,000) new cases of HIV infection and 25,000 (range: 20,000 to 30,000) deaths due to AIDS. Among the 75,000 people living with AIDS, approximately 22,000 were infected through blood and plasma donation and blood transfusion and approximately 53,000 had been infected by injecting drug use, sex and parent-to-child transmission. |
| |
| The cases of infection have primarily occurred in the high-risk category, i.e., drug users, sex workers and their clients, men who have sex with men (MSM) and partners of people living with HIV/AIDS. A relatively small percentage of the new cases are associated with parent-to-child transmission. About 10,000 of AIDS related deaths in 2005 are associated with former commercial blood and plasma donors. |
| |
| Surveillance data indicate that HIV was spreading from drug users, sex workers and their clients and other high-risk population to general population. In some areas of Yunnan, Henan, Xinjiang and other provinces, HIV prevalence already exceeds 1% among pregnant women and those receiving pre-marital and clinical HIV testing, meeting UNAIDS criteria for general epidemic. National surveillance data indicate that 45.5% of injection drug users were sharing needles and syringes and 11% of drug users were engaging in high-risk sexual activities. Mobility, increase in risky sexual behaviour and rise in numbers in sexually transmitted infections are other factors. |
| |
| By the end of November 2005, Henan and Yunnan have each reported over 30,000 cumulative HIV cases. Guangxi, Xinjiang and Guangdong have each reported over 10,000 cumulative HIV cases. In some areas of Xinjiang, Yunnan and Sichuan and other provinces, HIV present among injection drug users exceeds 50% while in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Inner Mongolia and Liaoning and other provinces HIV prevalence among IDU remains under 5%. |
| |
| A recent study reveals that among Chinese MSM, sexual risk behaviors including unprotected group sex, anal sex, casual sex, and commercial sex were prevalent. Many Chinese MSM reported engaging in unprotected sex with both female and male partners. Most MSM either did not believe they were at risk of HIV/AIDS or underestimated their infection risk. Surveillance and intervention research among Chinese MSM were still in the preliminary stages, the researchers have noted. |
| |
| It was not until 1994 that HIV infection was reported among drug users and commercial plasma donors in large numbers from various regions. In the mid-eighties when the first HIV cases were first reported it was among a small number in coastal cities. Those infected were mainly foreigners. Between 1989 and 1993, it could still be classified as a “limited epidemic”. A small number of HIV infections were reported among labourers returning from abroad, STD patients, and sex workers. |
| |
| It is also suspected that a large number of HIV infected people do not know their HIV status. The 2005 update notes that approximately 141,000 people living with HIV were detected through testing. With an estimated 650,000 living with the infection, this meant that approximately 510,000 people were living with AIDS did not know their HIV status, highlighting the need for increased coverage of marketing and access to HIV testing services as an entry point to prevention, treatment and care. |
| |
| |
| Back to Top |
| |
| |
| The National
Response |
| |
| The Department of Disease Control
at the Ministry of Health (MOH) is the focal point of China's
AIDS effort. It is designated as the primary organisation for: |
| |
- Preventing and controlling AIDS
- Developing the plan and implementation project for national
AIDS prevention and control along with the other related
departments
- Co-ordinating and presiding over its implementation
- Formulating laws and regulations,
- Surveillance and administration of the AIDS situation
- Health education, training, and provision of HIV/AIDS-related
information
|
| |
| A National AIDS Committee was set up in 1986. In 1987, a National Programme for AIDS Prevention and Control was established. In March 1990, a medium-term plan for the prevention and control of AIDS, in line with global policies and modified to reflect Chinese characteristics was adopted by the Ministry of Health. In December 1994, China signed the Paris AIDS Declaration at the World AIDS Summit. China is also a signatory to the Millennium Development Goals – one of which is to stop and reverse the spread of HIV and other diseases. |
| |
| In 1997 China elaborated its AIDS policy to give guidance to national and international partners in matters of AIDS prevention strategies and activities. Multi-sectoral approach and strong societal participation are the key factors in the Chinese AIDS prevention plans. |
| |
| In 1995 and 1996, during AIDS Prevention Week, centered around World AIDS Day, pictures, pamphlets and video cassettes were sent to each province to help them to publicise information about AIDS; in late 1997, MOH began a major campaign to disseminate knowledge about AIDS via the mass media. In 2002 the Chinese Government legalized condom advertisements. |
| |
| By 2005, over 120 million HIV/ AIDS information, education and communication (IEC) materials have been distributed, and 34.9 million people have received HIV/AIDS information and face-to-face education. Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan, Yunnan, Hainan and other
provinces have already begun to implement 100% condom use programs on a large scale and 12 8 methadone clinics and 91 needle and syringe exchange pilot sites have been established. There have been efforts made to consolidate the management of blood donation and collection in an effort to eradicate illegal blood collection activities. In clinical settings, the proportion of blood coming from voluntary blood donors rose from 22% in 1998 to 94.5% in 2005. Pilot programs for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV are now underway in 271 counties within 28 provinces and autonomous regions. By 2005, 20,453 AIDS patients were receiving antiretroviral therapy in 605 counties within 28 provinces. |
| |
| China's Health Ministry has also launched a nationwide system to collect AIDS data from county health authorities directly via the Internet instead of via paper reports passed through a hierarchy of officials. In addition, the ministry has stipulated the responsibilities of local disease prevention authorities who will now be required to visit HIV patients twice a year and AIDS patients four times a year, writing a record of each visit. |
| |
The Chinese government also has a ‘Four Frees and One Care’ nationwide policy to provide the following services:
1. Free ARV drugs to HIV patients who are rural residents or people with financial difficulties living in urban areas;
2. Free Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT);
3. Free drugs to HIV infected pregnant women to prevent parent-to-child transmission, and HIV testing of newborn babies;
4. Free schooling for children orphaned by AIDS; and
5. Care and economic assistance to the households of people living with HIV/AIDS.
The China Comprehensive AIDS Response (China CARES) program is an ambitious program to expand access to comprehensive HIV/AIDS treatment and care services that covers 127 sites in priority provinces most affected by HIV/AIDS. |
| |
| Chinese National Medium-and Long-Term Strategic Plan for HIV-AIDS Prevention and Control (1998-2010) |
| |
| KEY CHALLENGES |
| |
| Within different geographic areas and different departments, there is still not enough communication and linkages between agencies are not strong enough. In heavily affected areas, implementation of the national “Four Frees and One Care” policy has been relatively good, while in less affected areas implementation has been relatively poor. |
| |
| HIV/AIDS knowledge among citizens is relatively low, and many people still do not know enough about how to protect themselves against HIV. Social stigma remains a serious problem. There are significant gaps in the breadth, depth and content of mass media education. In some places, targeted intervention work for high-risk groups remains stuck at the stage of pilot programs with low coverage. |
| |
| At
a glance Epidemiological profile (Source: WHO) |
| |
| Description
of HIV/AIDS Legislation and Policies |
| |
| MOH Centre for HIV/AIDS
Prevention and Control |
| |
National Center for AIDS/STD Prevention and Control, China CDC
No. 27 Nanwei Lu, Xuan Wu District, Beijing 100050, P.R.China
Tel: (8610) 6316 5880 Fax: (8610) 6317 9516
Email: ncaids@public.bta.net.cn
Website: www.chinaaids.cn |
| |
Dr. Ren Minghui
Deputy Director-General
Department of International Cooperation
Ministry of Health
Add: 1 Xizhimenwai Nanlu, Beijing 100044, China
Tel: 010-68792283
Fax: 010-68792442
Email: renmh@moh.gov.cn |
| |
| Back to Top |
| |
| UN Support |
| |
| Over the past ten years, the UN
in China has played a significant role with respect to promoting
national advocacy and policy and planning in HIV/AIDS. Some
progress has been made with regards to AIDS-related political
awareness and commitment, as well as in policy and regulations.
However, there is still a common tendency to regard HIV/AIDS
Mainly as a medical problem without adequate understanding of
its socio-economic determinants (e.g. unsafe sex, drug abuse
and increase in prostitution). Further efforts are needed to
engage government personnel in provinces, counties and cities
and civil society. |
| |
| The UN will continue promoting awareness of HIV/AIDS
as a national development threat, and not purely as a medical
and health issue, that requires a multidisciplinary approach
and a clear focus on vulnerable groups such as the young and
the migrant populations. |
| |
| |
| Raising awareness and commitment:
The UN system will advocate engaging a broader range of partners
in the field of AIDS prevention and care, and assist the government
in the development of a communication strategy to increase public
awareness. Partnerships with NGOs, who can implement sensitisation
activities and community care will be built. The GIPA (Greater
Involvement of People with AIDS) principle (based on the Paris
Declaration, (1994) whom China has signed among 44 countries)
will be promoted in order to bring about a rights-based approach
to HIV/AIDS prevention and care. In addition, the UN will provide
support for disseminating information on best international
practices so that they are available to as large an audience
as possible. The information will be used for the design of
comprehensive and appealing mass media campaigns, for the prevention
of unsafe sex (also including the social marketing of condoms)
and reducing HIV vulnerability among injecting drug users. Strategic
planning approaches based on accurate and gender-sensitive situation
analysis will be used to adopt responses to AIDS and other threats
to changing situations and to plan for, and implement efficient,
affordable, sustainable, equitable and relevant expanded responses.
|
| |
| The Paris AIDS Summit Declaration
and the Beijing Platform of Action are not legally binding,
they nonetheless represent international consensus endorsing
key approaches for dealing with HIV/AIDS according to what UNAIDS
calls international best practice. In the new millennium, the
major global guiding text on how to best respond to HIV/AIDS
is the Declaration of Commitment endorsed by member states at
the UNGASS in June 2001. In China, CCA/UNDAF are also stepping
stones towards the targets set forward in the UNGASS Declaration.
Together these documents provide a solid framework for consolidating
national commitment, initiating action, and should become constant
guides whenever and wherever HIV/AIDS policies are discussed
or programmes designed. It must also be noted that both the
UNGASS Declaration and the China CCA/UNDAF Documents, define
HIV/AIDS as being a political issue in addition to being a health
and development challenge. Countries with the most successful
HIV/AIDS prevention programmes are those where the HIV/AIDS
problem has been made visible, and its various aspects are openly
discussed and addressed by the whole of society. |
| |
| AIDS programmes in the most successful
countries have the highest level of political support, and AIDS
offices are often under the direct leadership of either the
Prime Minister or the President, like in Uganda. Moreover, UNAIDS
as a Joint United Nations Programme, bringing together 8 UN
agencies with different mandate and areas of expertise, is a
guiding example that underscores the need for multi-sector involvement
in HIV/AIDS prevention. A too narrow HIV/AIDS response restricted
to the purely medical sector has always and everywhere failed
to address the many issues raised by HIV/AIDS. |
| |
| Improved Prevention and Care:
Assistance will be provided to develop a comprehensive surveillance
system for HIV/AIDS that will provide decision-makers with accurate
data on trends of the epidemic and information on priority areas
for allocating resources and funding interventions. The UN will
continue its current efforts at capacity building to address
the current high incidence of HIV and other blood-borne infections
related to paid and frequent blood donation and unsafe blood
transfusion. The Theme Group on HIV/AIDS will ensure that the
various programmes and projects funded by the UN are well-coordinated
and that interventions by other donors in this field will work
in a complementary fashion to enhance the chances for more effective
prevention and care. |
| |
| Much international assistance in the AIDS field
has been directed at supporting China's efforts to plan and
efficiently manage its national response to the HIV epidemic.
Increasing political awareness, building institutional capacity
and supporting seminars, training programmes and study-tours
for managers and professionals are some of the cornerstones
of internationally supported AIDS programmes. While most AIDS
projects supported by UN agencies or bilateral donors have worked
in close collaboration with Chinese government agencies, a number
of international NGOs have also successfully implemented interesting
pilot intervention projects at provincial and community levels. |
| |
| The UN agencies cosponsoring UNAIDS meet regularly
in China within the framework of the UN Theme Group on HIV/AIDS.
They share information and plan a common United Nations AIDS
response in the country. In addition to their joint approach,
UNAIDS cosponsors are also active individually in AIDS prevention
activities in China. |
| |
| UNDP has been involved since 1993 in supporting
multisectoral approaches to HIV/AIDS prevention, emphasising
activities for increasing political awareness, promoting multisectoral
training and supporting demonstration projects for targeted
interventions. UNICEF is involved in AIDS prevention activities
in Yunnan through its regional Mekong project, which aims at
raising provincial political commitment, building institutional
capacity and reducing HIV transmission in young people through
targeted behaviour interventions. UNICEF also has a country
programme supporting provincial AIDS efforts countrywide. WHO,
through its Global Programme on AIDS (GPA), gave considerable
support to the development of HIV/AIDS prevention and control
activities in China during the years 1988 to 1995. Currently,
WHO is mostly involved in building national capacity in the
fields of STD prevention and control and school health education.
UNESCO has supported AIDS education in teacher-training institutions,
and UNFPA is in the process of formulating its next programme
of assistance on family planning and reproductive health. |
| |
| Back to Top |
| |
| UN Offices |
| |
|
| |
UNDP ( United Nations
Development
Programme ) |
UNAIDS (Joint United Nations Programme
on HIV/AIDS) |
| |
|
UN Resident Coordinator/ UNDP Resident
Representative
UNDP China
2 Liangmahe Nanlu
Beijing 100600
China
Mail Address: UNDP China
2 Dongqijie Sanlitun
Beijing, China
Phone: 86 (10) 6532-3731
Fax: 86 (10) 6532-2567
E-mail: registry.cn@undp.org
URL (UNDP China): www.unchina.org/undp |
Country Programme Advisor
No. 066, Golden Island Diplomatic Compound
No. 1, Xibahe Nanlu
Beijing 100028, P. R. China
Phone: (8610) 6532-3731
Fax: (8610) 6532-2567
Email: unaids@public.un.org.cn
URL (UNAIDS China): www.unchina.org/unaids |
| |
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| UNICEF (United Nations Children's
Fund) |
UNFPA (United Nations Population
Fund ) |
| |
|
12 Sanlitun Lu Beijing,
PR China 100600
Phone: (8610) 6532-3131
Fax: (8610) 6532-3107
Email: beijing@unicef.org
URL (UNICEF Headquarters): www.unicef.org |
2 Liangmahe Nanlu Beijing,
PR China 100600
Telephone: (8610) 6532-3731
Fax: (8610) 6532-2567
Email: fzh@public.un.org.cn
URL (UNFPA Headquarters): www.unfpa.org
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
| Back to Top |
| |
| |
